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17. Number Spiral

Volume problems

• 41. Finding Borders
• 42. Money Sums
• 43. Finding Periods
• 44. Minimal Rotation
• 45. Static Range Sum Queries
• 01. Автобус в Джал
• 03. Новый язык программирования
• 05. Trailing Zeros
• 17. Number Spiral
• 23. Apple Division
• 25. Josephus Queries
• 26. Exponentiation
• 29. Coin Combinations I

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Time limit 3000/5000/5000/5000 ms. Memory limit 65000/65000/65000/65000 Kb. Difficulty Beta


A number spiral is an infinite grid whose upper-left square has number 1.
Here are the first five layers of the spiral:



Your task is to find out the number in row y and column x.

Input
The first input line contains an integer t: the number of tests.
After this, there are t lines, each containing integers y and x.

Output
For each test, print the number in row y and column x.

Constraints
1≤t≤105
1≤y,x≤109

Example
Input:
3
2 3
1 1
4 2
Output:
8
1
15

Для отправки решений необходимо выполнить вход.

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